The Secret World of Blood Groups
When you think of blood types, what comes to mind? Probably the familiar A, B, AB, and O (with the positive or negative Rh factor). But did you know that there are actually many more blood group systems out there? One of the most interesting is the Indian blood group, obviously named after India.
Beyond ABO: Unveiling the Indian Blood Group System
You might know your ABO blood type (A, B, AB, or O), but did you know there's another blood group system in the name of India? It's called the Indian blood group system (ISBT: IN) and it adds another layer of complexity to blood typing in this region.
Click here to learn more about blood groups.
Discovered in 1974, the Indian system involves two antigens, In(a) and In(b), found on red blood cells. These antigens are present in a small percentage of the Indian population (around 3% for In(a)) and are independent of the ABO system. Other allele variations were later discovered.
In (a) occurs in a low frequency of about 3% in Indians. It was less uncommon among the Arabs (11.8%) and Iranians (10.6%) tested. The Salis antibody to a high-frequency antigen (HFA), found earlier in a Pakistani patient, was directed to the antigen that turned out to be antithetical to In(a), hence was named as In(b). The INDIAN blood group system was further expanded in the year 2007 when two more antigens, namely, INFI and INJA were recognized as part of the system. Both these antigens were HFA. Of these, the INFI was detected among the Moroccans, while the INJA was found among the individuals who had their origin in the Indian subcontinent. These 4 antigens of the INDIAN (023) blood group system are now known by their numerical terms IN: 001, IN: 002, IN: 003, and IN: 004 assigned by the ISBT.
Click here to read more about the different blood group systems of ISBT.
Here's the gist:
Antigens: In(a) and In(b)
Prevalence: Around 3% for In(a), In(b) is more common
Location: Found on CD44, a protein on red blood cells
Independence: Works independently of the ABO blood group system
While the Indian blood group system isn't as widely known as ABO, it's still important for accurate blood typing and transfusion practices in India. Knowing your In(a) or In(b) status can ensure a safer and more compatible blood transfusion if needed.
Thinking of donating blood?
Mentioning your Indian blood group type (if known) can help blood banks match you with compatible recipients.
Click here to learn more about blood donation.
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